The product of steam and gas condensation into poorly oxygenated sub-surface groundwaters, measured in mg/L.
Refers to the characteristics that describe the chemical composition and reactivity of the thermal spring water. In this study, chemical properties included are pH level, Dissolved Oxygen, and anionic compositions, Bicarbonate, Chloride, and Sulphate.
Is typical of the deep geothermal fluid found in most high-temperature systems.
The ability of a material to conduct an electric current is measured by its electrical conductivity (mS/cm). Electrical conductivity in the context of water refers to the ability of the water to carry an electrical current. It is a crucial factor in determining the number of dissolved ions and salts in the water as well as its quality.
The actual amount of oxygen gas dissolved in water, measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L).
It refers to the pressure (mbar) exerted by the oxygen molecules dissolved in water.
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water at a given temperature, pressure, and salinity, expressed as a percentage (%) of the maximum solubility.
A heat source that comes from the sub-surface of the earth.
It is the exploration and study of the chemical properties of natural substances found on Earth and its chemical mechanisms.
Is the primary Earth science and looks at how the earth formed, its structure and composition, and the types of processes acting on it.
A heat that naturally comes from the earth.
Observable features on the Earth’s surface that directly indicate the presence of subsurface hydrothermal activity related to geothermal systems. These manifestations result from the upward migration of hot fluids (such as water and steam) from deeper geothermal reservoirs.
Geographic information systems are computer-based tools used to store, visualize, analyze, and interpret geographic data.
Identify and map the locations of GSM via QGIS. Can be done by overlaying GPS coordinates of GSM to create a base map which can help in visualizing and pinpointing the specific location of the geothermal surface manifestation, specifically thermal springs.
The branch of geology concerned with water occurring underground or on the surface of the earth.
Visual representation that shows the location of geothermal manifestation.
This refers to characteristics that can be observed or measured without altering the chemical composition of the spring water. In this study, physical properties included are temperature, salinity, and conductivity.
This stands for the “potential of hydrogen”. pH is the measure of the hot spring’s acidity or alkalinity.
Quantum Geographic Information System is a free, open-source software that allows users to create, edit, visualize, analyze, and publish geospatial information.
The total concentration of all salts dissolved in water.
Refers to superficial fluids formed by the condensation of geothermal gases into near-surface, oxygenated groundwater; measured in mg/L.
A geothermal surface manifestation of naturally hot water.
The total concentration (mg/L) of inorganic salts and organic contents dissolved in water.
Water temperature (ºC) refers to the measurement of the heat or thermal energy present in the hot spring.